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Senin, 24 Juni 2013

American A Guide for Foreigners in the United States Ways

When I am working with a group of foreign students who
are nearing graduation and getting ready to go home, I
sometimes ask them to help me make a list, on the chalkboard,
of those aspects of American life that they would
not like to take home with them. Some of the many items
the students usually call out are these:
• Excessive individualism
• Weak family ties
• Treatment of older people
• Materialism
• Competitiveness
• Rapid pace of life
• Divorce
• “Free” male-female relations
• Impersonality
Then I ask the students to list those aspects of American life that they would like to see incorporated at home.
• Opportunity for individuals to raise their station in
life
• Efficiency of organizations
• Hard work and productivity
• Freedom to express opinions openly
• General sense of freedom
Finally I ask the students to study the two lists and see
if they notice any connections between them. After several
moments someone will usually say, “Yes. American
organizations are efficient because of their impersonality
and fast pace.”
Someone else will observe, “There would not be so
much possibility for individuals to get better positions if
family ties were stronger, and if people had to stay where
their parents are. People would not move around so much
to get better jobs. Maybe even divorce is related to that!”
Still another will say, “Maybe it’s their materialism that
motivates people to work so hard.” And another: “Individualism
goes with the sense of freedom.”
And so on. Most of the items on the don’t-want list
are related to items on the do-want list. So it is with the
various aspects of what we call culture. They fit together.
They overlap and reinforce each other. It is not possible
to take one or two aspects of a culture and transplant
them somewhere else. They will not fit.
If you make the effort to understand Americans, you
will begin to see how various aspects of American culture
fit together. The patterns that underlie people’s behavior
will become more visible, and you will become increasingly
able to predict what other people will do. Your interpretations
will become more accurate, and you will be
more willing to delay judgment. All this helps you to in CONCLUSION
teract more constructively with Americans and to achieve
your purposes in visiting the United States.

from :
GARY ALTHEN
with Amanda R. Doran and Susan J. Szmania
American A Guide for Foreigners in the United States Ways

How Americans See Themselves

How Americans See Themselves
It is usually helpful, when trying to understand others, to
understand how we see ourselves. A few comments about
Americans’ self-perceptions appear here; others come
later.

AMERICAN WAYS

Americans do not usually see themselves, when they
are in the United States, as representatives of their country,
even though they are quite patriotic at times. For a
period following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks,
Americans displayed considerable emotional attachment
to their country. But that began to fade after several
months. Usually, Americans see themselves as individuals
(we will stress this point later) who are different from
all other individuals, American or foreign. Americans often
say they have no culture, since they often conceive of
culture as an overlay of arbitrary customs to be found
only in other countries. Individual Americans may think
they chose their own values rather than having had their
values and the assumptions on which they are based imposed
on them by the society in which they were born. If
asked to say something about American culture, they may
be unable to answer and they may even deny that there is
an American culture and become annoyed at being asked
such a question. “We’re all individuals,” they will say.
Because they think they are responsible as individuals
for having chosen their basic values and their way of life,
many Americans resent generalizations others make about
them. Generalizations such as the ones in this book may
disturb them. They may be offended by the notion that
they hold certain ideas and behave in certain ways simply
because they were born and raised in the United States
and not because they had consciously thought about
those ideas and behaviors and chosen the ones they preferred.
At the same time, Americans will readily generalize
about various subgroups within their own country. Northerners
have stereotypes (that is, overgeneralized, simplified
notions) about Southerners, and vice versa. There are

from :
GARY ALTHEN
with Amanda R. Doran and Susan J. Szmania
American
A Guide
for Foreigners
in the United States
Ways

Sabtu, 22 Juni 2013

Obat tradisional untuk anak

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Anak kecil biasanya menggigil di saat demam coba obat tradisional berikut ini ;
Beras merah 2 sendok di rendam air panas di dalam setengah gelas... Dan minumkan pada anak.. :-)

2. Obat mencret untuk anak:
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3. Obat penurunan panas.
Paccukka adalah asam mangga yg digunakan masyarakat bugis yang digunakan untuk mengobati demam dengan cara meremas Paccukka tersebut di dalam mangkuk kemudian usapkan pada badan anak....